Education

p-ISSN: 2162-9463     e-ISSN: 2162-8467

20111(1): 12-20

doi: 10.5923/j.edu.10110101.03

Transcending Time to Redeem Humanity: Human Rights Education and the Holocaust

Copyright © 2011 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

This article presents the results of a qualitative, phenomenological case study focused on teachers’ perceptions about human rights education in light of the Holocaust. Results are based on interviews with six participants in a professional teacher program upholding human rights education. Data analysis reveals three core perceptions about human rights education: (a) human rights education is excluded from the curriculum, (b) focus on human rights is supported by Holocaust survivor testimony, and (c) teachers’ perceptions about human rights education are strengthened through the “Freedom Writers Institute”. This work is grounded in critical theory linked to social and educational justice. The study has relevance for secondary teachers of literature and history, and particularly for those who work with disenfranchised students.

Keywords: Human Rights Education, Holocaust, Critical Pedagogy, Moral Reasoning

Paper's body in HTML will come soon.

Reference

[1]  Adalian, R. (2009). Armenian Genocide. [Online]. Available: http://www.armenian-genocide.org/genocide.html
[2]  Andreopoulos, G., 2002, Human rights education and training for professional, International Review of Education, 48(3-4), 239-249.
[3]  Arendt, H., 1958, The human condition, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
[4]  Aronowitz, A., 2001, The last good job in America: Work and education in the new global technoculture, Roman & Littlefield, New York.
[5]  Bourdieu, P. & Passeron, J., 1992, Reproduction in education, society and culture, Sage, London.
[6]  Boyles, D., Carusi, T., & Attick, D. Historical and critical interpretations of social justice, W. Ayers, T. Quinn, & D. Stovall, Eds., New York, Routledge, 2009.
[7]  Carr, W. & Kemmis, S., 1983, Becoming critical: Knowing through action research, Deakin University, Victoria.
[8]  Carrington, B., & Short, G., 1997 November, Holocaust education, anti-racism and citizenship, Educational Review, 49(3), 271-283.
[9]  Chyrikens, M. & Vieyra, M., 2010, Making the past relevant to future generations: The work of the Anne Frank house in Latin America, Intercultural Communication, 21, 7-15.
[10]  Cowan, P., & Maitles, H., 2007, Does addressing prejudice and discrimination through Holocaust education produce better citizens?, Educational Review, 59(2), 115-130.
[11]  Cresswell, J., 2007, Qualitative inquiry & research design (2nd ed.), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
[12]  Dreier, P., 2006, Rosa Parks: Angry, not tired, Dissent, 53(1), 88-92.
[13]  Foucault, M., 1972 The archeology of knowledge and the discourse on language, Pantheon Books, New York.
[14]  Freire, P., 1970, Pedagogy of the oppressed, Seabury, New York.
[15]  Freire, P., 2009, The critical pedagogy reader, A. Darder, M. Baltodano, & R. Torres, Eds., New York, Routledge. Genocide Intervention Network (2009). Genocide in Darfur, Sudan. [Online]. Available: http://www.darfurscores.org/darfur
[16]  Giroux, H., 1981, Ideology, culture and the process of schooling, Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
[17]  Giroux, H., The critical pedagogy reader, A. Darder, M. Baltodano, & R. Torres, Eds., New York, Routledge, 2009.
[18]  Gordon, M., 2008, Toward a pedagogy of dissent, EN-COUNTER: Education for Meaning and Social Justice, 21(2), 20-27.
[19]  Gourevitch, P., The triumph of evil. [Online]. Available: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/interviews/gourevitch.html
[20]  Greene, M., 1998, The dialectics of freedom, Teachers College Press, New York.
[21]  Haas, P., 1998, Morality after Auschwitz: The radical challenge of the Nazi ethic, Fortress Press, Philadelphia.
[22]  Habermas, J., 1979, Theory and practice, Beacon Press, Boston.
[23]  Harrison, W., 2004, The man who shocked the world: The life and legacy of Stanley Milgram, Journal of Moral Education, 57(4), 1081-1084.
[24]  Horkheimer, M., 1972, Critical theory, Seabury Press, New York.
[25]  Jorgensen, G., 2006, Kohlberg and Gilligan: Duet or duel?, Journal of Moral Education, 35(2), 179-196.
[26]  Kanpol, B., 1999, Critical pedagogy (2nd ed.), Bergin & Garvey, Westport.
[27]  Kohlberg, L., Moral education: It comes with the territory, D. Purpel & K. Ryan, Eds., Berkeley, CA: McCutchan, 1976.
[28]  Lenhart, V., & Savolainen, K., 2002, Human rights education as a field of practice and of theoretical reflection, International Review of Education, 48(3-4), 145-158.
[29]  Lindquist, D., 2007, September, Avoiding inappropriate pedagogy in middle school teaching of the Holocaust, Middle School Journal, 24-31.
[30]  Lohrenscheit, C., 2002, International approaches in human rights education, International Review of Education, 48(3-4), 173-185.
[31]  Marcuse, H., 1968, An essay on liberation, Beacon Press, Boston.
[32]  McLaren, P., 1986, Schooling as a ritual performance, Rout-ledge, London.
[33]  McLaren, P., Becoming and unbecoming White, C. Clark, & J. O’Donnell, Eds., Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1999.
[34]  McLaren, P., The critical pedagogy reader (2nd ed.), A. Darder, M. Baltodano, & R. Torres, Eds., New York, Routledge, 2009.
[35]  McMillan, J., & Schumacher, S., 2006, Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry (6th ed.), Pearson Education, Boston.
[36]  McNeil, L., The critical pedagogy reader (2nd ed.), A. Darder, M. Baltodano, & R. Torres, Eds., New York, Routledge, 2009.
[37]  Mills, C.W., 2000, The power elite, Oxford University Press, New York.
[38]  Misco, T., 2008, Teaching the Holocaust through case study. The Social Studies, 100(1), 14-22.
[39]  Moncour, M. (2007). Quotation details. [Online]. Available: http://www.quotationspage.com
[40]  North, C., 2008, What is all this talk about “social justice?” Mapping the terrain of education’s latest catchphrase, Teachers College Record, 10(6), 1182-1206.
[41]  Opotow, S., Gerson, J., & Woodside, S, 2005, From moral exclusion to moral inclusion: Theory for teaching peace, Theory into Practice, 44(4), 303-318.
[42]  Paul, R., 1992, Critical thinking: What every person needs to survive in a rapidly changing world, Foundation for Critical Thinking, Rohnert Park.
[43]  Paul, R., and Elder, L., 2002, Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life, Pearson Education Upper Saddle River.
[44]  Pekarsky, D., 1980, Moral dilemmas and moral education, Theory and Research in Social Education, 8(1), 1-8.
[45]  Peterson, T. 2010, Moving beyond the toolbox: teaching human rights through teaching the holocaust in post-apartheid in South Africa. Intercultural Education, 21, 27-31.
[46]  Polak, K., 2010, Tolerance education in Morocco. ‘Anne Frank: A history for today: learning about our past – contributing to our future, Intercultural Communication, 21, 51-59.
[47]  Print, M., Ugarte, C., Naval, C., & Mohr, A., 2008, Moral and human rights education: The contribution of the United Nations, Journal of Moral Education, 37(1), 115-132.
[48]  Rankin, A., 2006, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a modern martyr: Taking a stand against the state gone mad, The History Teacher, 40(1), 111-122.
[49]  Rummel, R., 1994, Death by government, Transaction Pub-lishers, New Brunswick.
[50]  Shapiro, J, & Stefkovich, J., 2005, Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas (2nd ed.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah.
[51]  Shiman, D., & Fernekes, W., 1999, The Holocaust, human rights, and democratic citizenship education, The Social Stu-dies, 90(2) 53-62.
[52]  Shor, I. & Freire, P., 1987, What is the “dialogical method” of teaching?, Journal of Education, 169(3), 11-31.
[53]  Tibbits, F., 2002, Understanding what we do: Emerging models for human rights education, International Review of Education, 48(3-4), 159-171.
[54]  United Nations, 1951, Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, opened for signature 28 July 1951, 189 UNTS 150 (entered into force 22 April 1954).
[55]  United Nations. (2010). The universal declaration of human rights.[Online].Available: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml