How do we address challenges presented by unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization? Such that the imposition of unduly high tariffs – as well as anti-dumping measures, do not offset positive gains to be derived from trade liberalization and globalization. This special issue highlights progress, rationales and developments attributed to world trade rounds such as the Uruguay and Doha trade rounds – as well as challenges and shortcomings of these rounds.

It also aims to highlight and address challenges presented to global trade relations as a result of the failure of central bankers to appreciate fully the consequences and impact – as well as contribution of emerging economies to all time low levels of inflation. This has not been demonstrated in the build up to the 2008 Financial Crisis, but also prompting the introduction of Basel III regulations – and particularly the 2010 Basel leverage ratio.

Considering the planets are solid or fluid, their equations of motion are solved using the perturbation theory. By solving the equation, the frequencies of the planet and atmospheres are obtained.

Knowing the periods and displacements can be predicted quakes.

To make known the role of geometry and its influence in modern theories of Gravitation and Cosmology based on the recent astrophysical and observational data.

Can locally anisotropic structures play an importance in cosmological models and give an interpretation in the problem of dark-energy and of evolution of the universe?

The consideration of higher-dimensional space assigns an effective role of geometry to the active presentation of a dynamic evolution of space-time.

The study of interaction of geometry with the physical space justifies the introduction of thematic area which could to contribute in a better understanding of the structure of space-time.