[1] | W. Khafagy, EI-Ghazaly, M, El-Shobaky, MT and Khafagy, M Colorectal Cancer in Egypt – Does it Differ?. Semin Oncol 32 (2000) 3-10 |
[2] | H. T. Lynch, and A. de la Chapelle, Hereditary colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 348 (2003) 919-32 |
[3] | R. J. Mitchell, D. Brewster, H. Campbell, M. E. Porteous, A. H. Wyllie, C. C. Bird, and M. G. Dunlop, Accuracy of reporting of family history of colorectal cancer. Gut 53 (2004) 291-5 |
[4] | D. A. Lieberman, S. Prindiville, D. G. Weiss, and W. Willett, Risk factors for advanced colonic neoplasia and hyperplastic polyps in asymptomatic individuals. Jama 290 (2003) 2959-67 |
[5] | A. Russo, S. Franceschi, C. La Vecchia, L. Dal Maso, M. Montella, E. Conti, A. Giacosa, F. Falcini, and E. Negri, Body size and colorectal-cancer risk. Int J Cancer 78 (1998) 161-5 |
[6] | C. A. Doubeni, T. S. Field, D. S. Buist, E. J. Korner, C. Bigelow, L. Lamerato, L. Herrinton, V. P. Quinn, G. Hart, M. C. Hornbrook, J. H. Gurwitz, and E. H. Wagner, Racial differences in tumor stage and survival for colorectal cancer in an insured population. Cancer 109 (2007) 612-20 |
[7] | A. Rullier, and C. Laurent, [Recommendations for clinical practice. Therapeutic choices for rectal cancer. What quality criteria are important for surgical excision of rectal cancer?]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 31 Spec No 1 (2007) 1S34-51, 1S91-5 |
[8] | M. Vermaas, F. T. Ferenschild, C. Verhoef, J. J. Nuyttens, A. W. Marinelli, T. Wiggers, W. J. Kirkels, A. M. Eggermont, and J. H. de Wilt, Total pelvic exenteration for primary locally advanced and locally recurrent rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 33 (2007) 452-8 |
[9] | W. Zhang, M. Gordon, and H. J. Lenz, Novel approaches to treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Ann Med 38 (2006) 545-51 |
[10] | W. S. Liao, A. R. Conn, and J. M. Taylor, Changes in rat alpha 1-fetoprotein and albumin mRNA levels during fetal and neonatal development. J Biol Chem 255 (1980) 10036-9 |
[11] | M. F. Yuen, C. C. Cheng, I. J. Lauder, S. K. Lam, C. G. Ooi, and C. L. Lai, Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma increases the chance of treatment: Hong Kong experience. Hepatology 31 (2000) 330-5 |
[12] | Y. H. Ding, X. D. Luan, J. Li, J.A. Rafols, M. Guthinkonda, F. G. Diaz, and Y. Ding, Exercise-induced overexpression of angiogenic factors and reduction of ischemia/reperfusion injury in stroke. Curr Neurovasc Res 1 (2004) 411-20 |
[13] | R. M. Kraus, H. W. Stallings, 3rd, R. C. Yeager, and T. P. Gavin, Circulating plasma VEGF response to exercise in sedentary and endurance-trained men. J Appl Physiol 96 (2004) 1445-50 |
[14] | J. Folkman, Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med 285 (1971) 1182-6 |
[15] | C. J. Wray, H. L. Rilo, and S. A. Ahmad, Colon cancer angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 13 (2004) 631-41 |
[16] | B. M. Prior, H.T. Yang, and R.L. Terjung, What makes vessels grow with exercise training? J Appl Physiol 97 (2004) 1119-28 |
[17] | Y. H. Kim, K. J. Woo, J. H. Lim, S. Kim, T. J. Lee, E. M. Jung, J. M. Lee, J. W. Park, and T. K. Kwon, 8-Hydroxyquinoline inhibits iNOS expression and nitric oxide production by down-regulating LPS-induced activity of NF-kappaB and C/EBPbeta in Raw 264.7 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 329 (2005) 591-7 |
[18] | L. J. Hofseth, S. Saito, S. P. Hussain, M. G. Espey, K. M. Miranda, Y. Araki, C. Jhappan, Y. Higashimoto, P. He, S. P. Linke, M. M. Quezado, I. Zurer, V. Rotter, D. A. Wink, E. Appella, and C. C. Harris, Nitric oxide-induced cellular stress and p53 activation in chronic inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (2003) 143-8 |
[19] | D. A. Wink, K. S. Kasprzak, C. M. Maragos, R. K. Elespuru, M. Misra, T. M. Dunams, T. A. Cebula, W. H. Koch, A. W. Andrews, J. S. Allen, and et al., DNA deaminating ability and genotoxicity of nitric oxide and its progenitors. Science 254 (1991) 1001-3 |
[20] | D. C. Jenkins, I. G. Charles, L. L. Thomsen, D. W. Moss, L. S. Holmes, S. A. Baylis, P. Rhodes, K. Westmore, P. C. Emson, and S. Moncada, Roles of nitric oxide in tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 (1995) 4392-6 |
[21] | S. Ambs, W. G. Merriam, M. O. Ogunfusika, W. P. Bennett, N. Ishibe, S. P. Hussain, E. E. Tzeng, D. A. Geller, T. R. Billiar, and C. C. Harris, p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor regulate tumor growth of NOS2-expressing human carcinoma cells. Nat Med 4 (1998) 1371-6 |
[22] | S. Ambs, M. O. Ogunfusika, W. G. Merriam, W. P. Bennett, T. R. Billiar, and C. C. Harris, Up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in cancer-prone p53 knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 (1998) 8823-8 |
[23] | J. Li, T. R. Billiar, R. V. Talanian, and Y. M. Kim, Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 240 (1997) 419-24 |
[24] | M. E. Lowe, The triglyceride lipases of the pancreas. J Lipid Res 43 (2002) 2007-16 |
[25] | M. Takahashi, Y. Hiyama, M. Yokoyama, S. Yu, Y. Hu, K. Melford, A. Bensadoun, and I. J. Goldberg, In vivo arterial lipoprotein lipase expression augments inflammatory responses and impairs vascular dilatation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 (2008) 455-62 |
[26] | C. W. Hendrickse, S. Radley, I. A. Donovan, M. R. Keighley, and J. P. Neoptolemos, Activities of phospholipase A2 and diacylglycerol lipase are increased in human colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 82 (1995) 475-8 |
[27] | C. Wittekind, C. C. Compton, F. L. Greene, and L. H. Sobin, TNM residual tumor classification revisited. Cancer 94 (2002) 2511-6 |
[28] | M. J. O'Connell, J. A. Mailliard, M. J. Kahn, J. S. Macdonald, D. G. Haller, R. J. Mayer, and H. S. Wieand, Controlled trial of fluorouracil and low-dose leucovorin given for 6 months as postoperative adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 15 (1997) 246-50 |
[29] | D. E. DuBois D, A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Medicine. 17 (1916) 863-71 |
[30] | Y. Wang, J. Moss, and R. Thisted, Predictors of body surface area. J Clin Anesth 4 (1992) 4-10 |
[31] | J. Lin, and H. Ju, Electrochemical and chemiluminescent immunosensors for tumor markers. Biosens Bioelectron 20 (2005) 1461-70 |
[32] | K. Lee, Kim, KI and Lee, KP, Development of Enzyme Immuno Assay Kit for Alpha Feto protein. Korean J. Immunol 19 (1997) 455-461 |
[33] | S. L. Sheng, S. H. Bao, G. Huang, and L. M. Wang, Development of time-resolved immunofluorometric assays for vascular endothelial growth factor and application on plasma of patients with gastric tumours. Clin Exp Immunol 151 (2008) 459-66 |
[34] | K. Miranda, Espey, MG and Wink, DA A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 5 (2001) 62-71 |
[35] | B. Graca, C. Lunet, A. S. Coelho, G. Monteiro, P. Freire, A. Speidel, and L. Carvalho, [Angiogenesis and cancer: from biopathology to therapy]. Acta Med Port 17 (2004) 76-93 |
[36] | W. G. Hu, J. W. Li, B. Feng, M. Beveridge, F. Yue, A. G. Lu, J. J. Ma, M. L. Wang, Y. Guo, X. L. Jin, and M. H. Zheng, Vascular endothelial growth factors C and D represent novel prognostic markers in colorectal carcinoma using quantitative image analysis. Eur Surg Res 39 (2007) 229-38 |
[37] | N. H. Fernando, and H. I. Hurwitz, Targeted therapy of colorectal cancer: clinical experience with bevacizumab. Oncologist 9 Suppl 1 (2004) 11-8 |
[38] | F. F. Kabbinavar, J. Schulz, M. McCleod, T. Patel, J. T. Hamm, J. R. Hecht, R. Mass, B. Perrou, B. Nelson, and W. F. Novotny, Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 3697-705 |
[39] | J. Y. Wang, C. Y. Lu, K. S. Chu, C. J. Ma, D. C. Wu, H. L. Tsai, F. J. Yu, and J. S. Hsieh, Prognostic significance of pre- and postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with colorectal cancer. Eur Surg Res 39 (2007) 245-50 |
[40] | M. J. Duffy, Clinical uses of tumor markers: a critical review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 38 (2001) 225-62 |
[41] | M. Grotowski, M. Maruszynski, and W. Piechota, [Usefulness of preoperative assay CEA and CA 19-9 in colorectal cancer patients]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 11 (2001) 476-9 |
[42] | R. C. Bast, Jr., P. Ravdin, D. F. Hayes, S. Bates, H. Fritsche, Jr., J. M. Jessup, N. Kemeny, G. Y. Locker, R. G. Mennel, and M. R. Somerfield, 2000 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 1865-78 |
[43] | M. J. Duffy, A. van Dalen, C. Haglund, L. Hansson, R. Klapdor, R. Lamerz, O. Nilsson, C. Sturgeon, and O. Topolcan, Clinical utility of biochemical markers in colorectal cancer: European Group on Tumour Markers (EGTM) guidelines. Eur J Cancer 39 (2003) 718-27 |
[44] | W. S. Wang, J. K. Lin, T. J. Chiou, J. H. Liu, F. S. Fan, C. C. Yen, T. C. Lin, J. K. Jiang, S. H. Yang, H. S. Wang, and P. M. Chen, CA19-9 as the most significant prognostic indicator of metastatic colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 49 (2002) 160-4 |
[45] | D. Gholam, S. Giacchetti, C. Brezault-Bonnet, M. Bouchahda, D. Hauteville, R. Adam, B. Ducot, O. Ghemard, F. Kustlinger, C. Jasmin, and F. Levi, Chronomodulated irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin-modulated 5-Fluorouracil as ambulatory salvage therapy in patients with irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 11 (2006) 1072-80 |
[46] | H. Michiko, Kenjiro, K, Kenji, K , Osamu, J, Masami, I , Shoichi, H, Takanobu, Y, Takeo, T and Seiji, G Hepatic Metastases from Alpha-Fetoprotein Producing Colorectal Cancer That Responded Remarkably to Transcatheter Arterial Chemo-embolization. Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy 29 (2002) 2366-2369 |
[47] | V. Hanrahan, M. J. Currie, S. P. Gunningham, H. R. Morrin, P. A. Scott, B. A. Robinson, and S. B. Fox, The angiogenic switch for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence during colorectal cancer progression. J Pathol 200 (2003) 183-94 |
[48] | R. E. Frank, T. J. Saclarides, S. Leurgans, N. J. Speziale, E. A. Drab, and D. B. Rubin, Tumor angiogenesis as a predictor of recurrence and survival in patients with node-negative colon cancer. Ann Surg 222 (1995) 695-9 |
[49] | G. Galizia, E. Lieto, F. Ferraraccio, M. Orditura, F. De Vita, P. Castellano, V. Imperatore, C. Romano, F. Ciardiello, B. Agostini, and C. Pignatelli, Determination of molecular marker expression can predict clinical outcome in colon carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 10 (2004) 3490-9 |
[50] | J. C. Lee, N. H. Chow, S. T. Wang, and S. M. Huang, Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 36 (2000) 748-53 |
[51] | P. Mysliwiec, Z. Piotrowski, B. Zalewski, A. Kuklinski, and K. Pawlak, Plasma VEGF-A and its soluble receptor R1 correlate with the clinical stage of colorectal cancer. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst 49 Suppl 1 (2004) 85-7 |
[52] | F. Kabbinavar, H. I. Hurwitz, L. Fehrenbacher, N. J. Meropol, W. F. Novotny, G. Lieberman, S. Griffing, and E. Bergsland, Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 21 (2003) 60-5 |
[53] | M. P. Morelli, A. M. Brown, T. M. Pitts, J. J. Tentler, F. Ciardiello, A. Ryan, J. M. Jurgensmeier, and S. G. Eckhardt, Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -3 with cediranib (AZD2171): effects on migration and invasion of gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 8 (2009) 2546-58 |
[54] | A. Ooyama, T. Oka, H. Y. Zhao, M. Yamamoto, S. Akiyama, and M. Fukushima, Anti-angiogenic effect of 5-Fluorouracil-based drugs against human colon cancer xenografts. Cancer Lett 267 (2008) 26-36 |
[55] | P. Albertsson, B. Lennernas, and K. Norrby, Low-dose continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion stimulates VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis. Acta Oncol 48 (2009) 418-25 |
[56] | S. S. Mirvish, Role of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) and N-nitrosation in etiology of gastric, esophageal, nasopharyngeal and bladder cancer and contribution to cancer of known exposures to NOC. Cancer Lett 93 (1995) 17-48 |
[57] | E. E. Mannick, L. E. Bravo, G. Zarama, J. L. Realpe, X. J. Zhang, B. Ruiz, E. T. Fontham, R. Mera, M. J. Miller, and P. Correa, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori gastritis: effect of antibiotics and antioxidants. Cancer Res 56 (1996) 3238-43 |
[58] | P. L. Majano, C. Garcia-Monzon, M. Lopez-Cabrera, E. Lara-Pezzi, E. Fernandez-Ruiz, C. Garcia-Iglesias, M. J. Borque, and R. Moreno-Otero, Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in chronic viral hepatitis. Evidence for a virus-induced gene upregulation. J Clin Invest 101 (1998) 1343-52 |
[59] | M. Jaiswal, N. F. LaRusso, R. A. Shapiro, T. R. Billiar, and G. J. Gores, Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of DNA repair potentiates oxidative DNA damage in cholangiocytes. Gastroenterology 120 (2001) 190-9 |
[60] | Singer, II, D. W. Kawka, S. Scott, J. R. Weidner, R. A. Mumford, T. E. Riehl, and W. F. Stenson, Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in colonic epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 111 (1996) 871-85 |
[61] | G. Montrucchio, E. Lupia, A. de Martino, E. Battaglia, M. Arese, A. Tizzani, F. Bussolino, and G. Camussi, Nitric oxide mediates angiogenesis induced in vivo by platelet-activating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Am J Pathol 151 (1997) 557-63 |
[62] | P. Lejeune, P. Lagadec, N. Onier, D. Pinard, H. Ohshima, and J. F. Jeannin, Nitric oxide involvement in tumor-induced immunosuppression. J Immunol 152 (1994) 5077-83 |
[63] | O. Fantappie, E. Masini, I. Sardi, L. Raimondi, D. Bani, M. Solazzo, A. Vannacci, and R. Mazzanti, The MDR phenotype is associated with the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Hepatology 35 (2002) 843-52 |
[64] | X. P. Hao, T. G. Pretlow, J. S. Rao, and T. P. Pretlow, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed similarly in multiple aberrant crypt foci and colorectal tumors from the same patients. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 419-22 |
[65] | A. Franchi, O. Gallo, M. Paglierani, I. Sardi, L. Magnelli, E. Masini, and M. Santucci, Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in laryngeal neoplasia: correlation with angiogenesis. Head Neck 24 (2002) 16-23 |
[66] | S. Mocellin, V. Bronte, and D. Nitti, Nitric oxide, a double edged sword in cancer biology: searching for therapeutic opportunities. Med Res Rev 27 (2007) 317-52 |
[67] | K. M. Ropponen, J. K. Kellokoski, P. K. Lipponen, M. J. Eskelinen, L. Alanne, E. M. Alhava, and V. M. Kosma, Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in colorectal cancer and its association with prognosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 35 (2000) 1204-11 |
[68] | J. G. Donnelly, D. S. Ooi, B. F. Burns, and R. Goel, Chronic increased serum lipase without evidence of pancreatitis: tumor-derived lipase? Clin Chem 42 (1996) 462-4 |
[69] | M. Munoz-Perez, D. Sarrion-Pelous, J. Jimenez-Jimenez, P. Martinez-Montiel, and M. Gallego-Valdes, Chronic increased serum lipase in a patient with suspected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Chem 43 (1997) 191-3 |
[70] | R. S. Kota, C. V. Ramana, F. A. Tenorio, R. I. Enelow, and J. C. Rutledge, Differential effects of lipoprotein lipase on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma-mediated gene expression in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 31076-84 |
[71] | H. Nguyen, C. V. Ramana, J. Bayes, and G. R. Stark, Roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in interferon-gamma- dependent phosphorylation of STAT1 on serine 727 and activation of gene expression. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 33361-8 |
[72] | G. R. Stark, I. M. Kerr, B. R. Williams, R. H. Silverman, and R. D. Schreiber, How cells respond to interferons. Annu Rev Biochem 67 (1998) 227-64. |
[73] | M. Sherman, K. M. Peltekian, and C. Lee, Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus: incidence and prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a North American urban population. Hepatology 22 (1995) 432-8 |