Neha Khambete, Rahul Kumar

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is being increasingly used for head, neck and dentomaxillofacial imaging. There is growing interest in CBCT from all fields of dentistry because it has created a revolution in maxillofacial imaging. It has caused transition of dental imaging from 2D to 3D images and has expanded the role of imaging from just diagnosis to image guidance of operative and surgical procedures. The present article is to provide an overview of this CBCT technology and review its capabilities with specific applications in clinical dental practice.

Mridula Nilesh Joshi, Nilesh Vaman Joshi, Anushri D. Kulkarni

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of an esthetic smile. Materials and methods: Smiles of 60 subjects (males & females) were analyzed, considering criteria such as smile type (high, average or low), parallelism of upper incisal curvature to the lower lip, contact of upper incisal curvature with lower lip and number of teeth displayed in the smile. Results: The result showed 41.6% (25 subjects) showed average smile type and average smile type showed a statistically significant occurrence in females (z = 2.44). 63.3% (38 subjects) showed parallelism of incisal curvature with lower lip and this was significantly higher in females (z = 5.02) while reverse curvature was highly significant in males. The upper incisor curvature touched the lower lip in 41.66% (25 subjects). Females showed more of touching type of incisal curvature (z = 5.85) while males showed more of an incisal curvature that was not touching the lower lip (z = 2.81). Six anteriors & first premolars were exposed in 55% (33) cases. Differences in males & females in this group were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The result showed that the characters of an esthetic smile are an average smile line, therefore only part of interdental gingiva seen, incisal curvature of maxillary anterior teeth parallel to the lower lip curvature, upper incisal curvature slightly touching the lower lip, first or second premolars also seen in smile and a harmonious midline. All the above criteria were found more in females than males.

Rahul Kumar, Neha Khambete

The most important development in surgical endodontics has been introduction of the surgical operating microscope. The use of magnification in endodontics is not an isolated development. It is part of trend in medicine and dentistry toward a quest for perfection and application of minimally invasive technique for procedures that previously required extensive surgery. But now microscopic endodontics has totally changed the way endodontics and endodntic surgery are practiced. Operating microscopes are also useful right from diagnosis, trying to locate extra canals or missed canals, assessing efficacy of newer systems for cleaning and shaping, to prevent / or manage endodontic mishaps.

Tejas. R. Pol, C. R. Naik, Ravi Gupta, Anuradha Pol, Sanket Sanghvi

Aim:To determine the effect of incorporating Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) into self-cured glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and to compare the shear-peel band strength.Materials and method:1) Ion Measurements and CPP Detection: Discs of 6 mm diam x 2 mm thick was prepared for following groups: Group I - GIC & Group II - GIC +1.56% w/w CPP-ACP. The discs incubated at 37°C in 2mL of deionized water (pH 6.9) and 2mL of 50mM sodium lactate buffer at pH 5.0. The release of calcium, inorganic phosphate, and fluoride ions was measured in each solution.2) Shear-Peel band strength: 60 Non carious human molars collected, stored in distilled water after decontamination in 0.5% chloramine. Extracted molars divided into 2 groups each group containing 30 molars. Group I – bands were cemented with GIC & Group II - bands were cemented with GIC +1.56% w/w CPP-ACP. With the use of an Instron universal testing machine, a shear-peel load was applied to each cemented band. SEM analysis was done with each group.Results: Incorporation of 1.56% w/w CPP-ACP into the GIC resulted in an increase in shear peel band strength. Fluoride, Calcium & Phosphate ions release was significantly higher in Group II as compare to Group I. Conclusion: Incorporation of 1.56% w/w CPP-ACP into the GIC significantly increased shear-peel band strength and significantly enhanced the release of fluoride, calcium and phosphate ions at neutral and acidic pH. Thus incorporation of CPP-ACP phosphate can prevent demineralization and promotes remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions.

Vipin Arora, Vineeta Nikhil, Jatin Gupta

Mandibular canines present a complex internal anatomy. There are reported cases of canines with a single root and two canals, three canals, two roots or fused roots. The existence of mandibular canines with more than one root canal is a documented fact that clinicians should keep in mind, in order to avoid failure during endodontic treatment. In spite of the low incidence of lower canines with one root and two canals, this possibility should not be ignored, inasmuch as the presence of a second canal in these teeth leads to difficulties in endodontic treatment. The precise knowledge of the internal dental anatomy is essential for the success of the root canal therapy, because the failure to detect the extra canals and the incomplete radicular obturation leads to the infection of the periapical space, which ultimately results in the loss of the tooth. The long-term success of the restorative treatment depends directly on the quality of the endodontic treatment realized on the abutment teeth. The mandibular canine is very important as abutment for any type of restoration. This article presents a case of a patient with mandibular canine having two root canals ,which lead us to conclude that such anatomical variations also occur in india as much as described in the international literature and cannot be overlooked when treating the teeth.

Seyyed Ali Banihashemrad, Mohammad Javad Mogaddas, Majid Reza Mokhtari, Fateme Farazi, Assadollah Garajian, Reza Mehrara

Marginal restorations are appropriate places for plaque accumulation and bacteria reproduction causing periodontal disease . The present study was conducted to compare the periodontal status in patients with correct marginal restorations and their controls referred to department of Oral Medicine and Operative Dentistry of Mashhad Dental School in 2009. Fifty patients with one or more marginal restorations as well as their controls were studied in a cross-sectional method. Gingival bleeding and plaque indices were evaluated in both groups for the purpose. Periodontal probes were used for measuring plaque, bleeding index and probing depth and gingival index was examined by observation. 50 percent of cases had plaque index of 0 as the rate was 60 percent in control samples. Considering gingival index, the percentage of patients with 0 gingival index was 58 and 74 in case and control groups respectively. Bleeding index of 0 was reported to be 38 and 72 per cent in case and control groups. Probing depth in case group was more than control. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between the two groups considering four measured ariables (P < 0.05). According to the results of this study, even the correct marginal restoration may have effect on periodontal status.

Seyyed Ali Banihashemrad, Majid Reza Mokhtari, Mohammad Hassan Najafi Neshli, Golsa Akbarian, Fatemeh Farazi

Antibiotics are used adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) for treatment of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of systemic Azithromycin (AZM) as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis. This study was a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial in which 49 patients with chronic periodontitis participated. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: The test group which received SRP plus AZM and the control group which received SRP plus placebo with the same dose. Clinical indices including Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), clinical Loss of Attachment (LOA), Gingival Index (GI),and Plaque Index (PI) were measured at the baseline and 3, 13, and 25 weeks after treatment.The mean LOA and PPD in the test group were significantly less than the control group after 25 weeks from baseline. Over all, the mean LOA and PPD were less in the test group than the control group at all times. All four mentioned indices showed further reduction in the test group during time.The adjunctive use of systemic azithromycin show significant clinical benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Marinho Del Santo

Clinically, in periodontally susceptible or compromised patients who present malocclusion, the orthodontic intervention can be only initiated when the periodontal inflammatory/infectious process is controlled and stable periodontal condition is achieved. Periodontal microbiota control is achieved throughout elimination or significant reduction of periodontal pockets. After the periodontal treatment has been performed, the orthodontic treatment provides clear benefits in order to achieve and maintain such periodontal homeostasis.

Marinho Del Santo

As more and better orthodontic and periodontal scientific evidences are contextualized, potentially richer will be their achieved clinical results. The primary goal of this article is to study the main anatomic, histologic, physiologic and pathologic features of the periodontal tissues, and such knowledge to be applied in the Orthodontics and Periodontics fields.

Saeed Asgary, Mohammad Jafar Eghbal, Sara Ehsani, Behnam Eslami

Proliferative periostitis is a pathologic lesion that displays an osteo-productive and proliferative inflammatory response of the periosteum to infection or other irritation. This lesion is a form of chronic osteomyelitis that is often asymptomatic, occurring primarily in children, and found only in the mandible. The lesion can be odontogenic or non-odontogenic in nature. A 12 year-old boy presented with an unusual odontogenic proliferative periostitis that originated from the lower left first molar, however, the radiographic radiolucent area and proliferative response were discovered at the apices of the lower left second molar. The periostitis was treated by single-visit non-surgical endodontic treatment of lower left first molar without antibiotic therapy. The patient has been recalled regularly; the lesion had significantly reduced in size 3-months postoperatively. Extraoral symmetry occurred at approximately one year recall. At the last visit, 2 years after initial treatment, no problems or signs of complications have occurred; the radiographic examination revealed complete resolution of the apical lesion and apical closure of the lower left second molar. Odontogenic proliferative periostitis can be observed at the adjacent normal tooth. Besides, this case demonstrates that non-surgical endodontics is a viable treatment option for management of odontogenic proliferative periostitis.