Kandji Pape Matar, Djite Moustapha, Barry Nene Oumou Kesso, Thioune Ndeye Mareme, Najah Fatou Coly-Gueye, Zongo Cindy, Samba Omar, Djiba-Ndiaye Mbayang, Ndiaye Ibrahima, Ba Makhtar, Gueye-Tall Fatou, Lopez-Sall Philomene, Gueye Papa Madieye

Methadone is a full μ-opioid receptor agonist, used as first-line treatment in the treatment of heroin addicts. However, in recent years its use seems to be associated with metabolic and endocrine alterations. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (SM) in patients undergoing opioid substitution treatment (OST) with methadone. This is a prospective and analytical study. Patients were recruited at the Center for Integrated Addiction Management in Dakar (CEPIAD) and the analyzes carried out at the Biochemistry laboratory of the CHNU in Fann. To define the metabolic syndrome (MS), we used the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2009. Fifty patients were included in our studywith an average age of 50.18 years with a male predominance. The mean daily methadone dose was 64.5 mg and the mean follow-up time was 2.67 years. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was estimated at 6% of our study population. Hypertension was the most found component of MS (22%) followed by abdominal obesity (18%), hypo HDL-cholesterolemia (14%), hypertriglyceridemia (10%) and hyperglycemia (2%). The results show that the chronic administration of methadone could actually promote the onset of the metabolic syndrome.

Ratan Kumar Sarkar

Genetics is basically electro-gravitational chemistry. Because of intricate structure of lunar time (183 or 0.3477) a structural labyrinth has been developed where lunar gravity (0.1605) works intrinsically in electromagnetic interface. Polymorphic site (72) and t-RNA distance of constancy (66A⁰) factor synonymous with mass are two structural components in the system. The existence of arginine and proline in polymorphic site has been discussed significantly. The two diseases cancer and sickle-cell-anaemia have been described mathematically in upper and lower level aspects in the structure.

Ratan Kumar Sarkar

Methionine has been implemented to go through the structural genetics. The genetics is basically electro-gravitational chemistry where molecular point possesses essential role. The polymorphic site and t-RNA distance of constancy factor are two essential components in the structure. The genetic suppression has been clarified to some extent for p53 tumor suppressor protein where lysine-tryptophan complex is significant.

Ratan Kumar Sarkar

In-depth analysis of amino acids molecular weight has been made that revealed up electro-gravitational chemistry of biology. There are curvatures and transitions in biology of time make the system flexible. Polymorphic site in context of genetics mathematically described.

Kandji Pape Matar, Doupa Dominique, Djite Moustapha, Diop Jean Pascal Demba, Sagne Rene Ngor, Barry Nene Oumou Kesso, Thioune Ndeye Mareme, Mbacke Ndoumbe Mame, Ndour El Hadji Malick, Gueye-Tall Fatou, Seck Moussa, Diop Saliou, Lopez-Sall Philomene, Diop Ndiaye Rokhaya, Gueye Papa Madieye

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Haptoglobin (Hp) genotypes and their influence on the occurrence of clinico-biological complications of sickle cell disease. This is a prospective case-control study conducted in sickle cell SS subjects. Each patient was matched to a control of the same sex and ± 2 years. Genotyping of the Hp gene was performed by conventional PCR without enzymatic digestion on the Proflex System PCR (Biosystems, Spain) after extraction with QIAmp® genomic kits (Marseille, France). Biochemical parameters were assayed with Cobas c311 (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland) and NFS ABX Pentra DX Nexus (Machelen, Belgium). The study population consisted of 100 sickle cell SS subjects with an average age of 43 years ± 16 and a sex ratio of 0.75. In sickle cell patients, the frequencies found are respectively of the order of 35%, 29% and 36% for the Hp1-1 Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 genotypes. The prevalence of vaso-occlusive episodes was 55%, with high frequency in patients with genotype Hp2-2. The average hemoglobin level in the controls is 12 g / dl against 8 g / dl in patients (p <0.05). The average C-reactive protein levels were in patients (12.87 mg / l) and controls (5.31 mg / l), the comparison of means showed significant differences. The analysis of the results of the lipid assessment also reveals significant differences. The polymorphism of the haptoglobin gene could be used as a predictor of the severity of clinico-biological complications during sickle cell disease.

Christopher Kwansai, Umaru Hauwa Aduwamai, Gabriel Ijuptil Banga, Dahiru Daniel

The study is aimed at divulging the hepatoprotective nature of stem bark extract of Detarium microcarpum against Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male wistar rats. Fifty-four male wistar rats g 140 ± 20 g were divided into nine groups of six rats per group. Group I, II and III served as normal, negative and standard drug control respectively while group IV to IX were treated with different doses of the extract and fractions. All treatments were carried out by oral gavages for fourteen consecutive days. Assays of liver biochemical parameters, lipid profile parameters, antioxidant enzymes/total antioxidant status, haematological profile and histopathological examination were carried out. Results obtained showed that, DEN administration induced hepatocellular damage in the rats, characterised by significant (p<0.05) elevation of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; decreased total bilirubin, total protein, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; decreased antioxidant and non-antioxidant enzymes activities and haematological parameters when compared with the normal control group. However, oral post-treatment with stem bark extract, fraction-I and fraction-II of Detarium microcarpum in a dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control group restored all the parameters with significant (p<0.05) restoration observed in fraction-II. Detarium microcarpum stem bark may be effective for ameliorating DEN-induced hepatocellular damage in male Wistar rats and therefore, may be further investigated for the molecular mode of action.

Ratan Kumar Sarkar

Time unifies gravitational and electromagnetic values in the earth-moon space-time structure. Amino acids are formed in different natural techniques in space-time structure. The macromolecular assemblies are gravitational and anti-gravitational chemistry, the anti-gravitational or electromagnetic influx with cumulative rotational units following codon-anticodon assignment that deflects at a position to the opposite gravitational arena in directional biology. A fundamental molecular equation has been established capable of explaining protein expansion to cancer transactivation.

Gajanand Joshi, R. K. Vyas, Yogita Soni, Ghanshyam Gahlot

Bronchial Asthma (BA) is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease among children causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is known to be associated with type I hypersensitivity reactions. Objective of this study was to determine the correlation of IgE with bronchial asthma in children. A case control study was conducted on 50 newly diagnosed asthmatic patients and 50 healthy individuals of both sexes. Having age between 3 to 15 years over a period of two years. Serum immunoglobulin E was estimated by ELISA. Mean age of patients under study (n=50) was 8.14 ± 3.65 years. Out of the total (50) patients, 54% (27/50) were males with a male/female ratio of 1.17/1; 48% of patients (24/50) had age between 6-10 years. Mean serum concentration of IgE was calculated to be 268.72 ± 130.14 IU/L in patient group while control group had a mean of 97.58 ± 25.10 IU/L. The difference was observed to statistically significant (P<0.0001) by student’s t-test. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level has direct correlation with bronchial asthma among children.

Naglaa A. Elgendy, Rasha ELBialy, Eman El Sayed Mohammed

Aim: Assess the serum levels of S100β in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy and its sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of different types of hepatic encephalopathy. Also, compare these results with ammonia levels in the same groups of patients. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out on 60 patients (36 males and 24 females) of hepatic cirrhosis post chronic hepatitis C viral infection along with 60 ages and sex-matched healthy subjects (34 males and 26 females). The patients group classified into; Compensated group, Decompensated with covert hepatic encephalopathy group, and Decompensated with grade I-II hepatic encephalopathy. The studied groups were subjected to thorough clinical history and examination, neuropsychological testing, plasma ammonia level, and serum S100β. Results: There was a significant increase of S100β throughout the studied groups (16.75, 38.15, 57.00, and 86.20 ng/ml), P-value <0.001. Also, there was a significant increase of ammonia throughout the studied groups (21.50, 81.00, 98.50, and 188.50 µg/dl), P-value <0.001. Serum S100β >77.5 ng/ml has a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 85% for hepatic encephalopathy diagnosis while plasma ammonia >165 ug/dl sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 100%. S100β >42 ng/ml has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 65% for the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy while plasma ammonia >92 ug/dl with the sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 75%. Conclusion: S100β candidate to be diagnostic serum marker of minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Umaru Hauwa Aduwamai, Bala Alfa Mahmud, Dahiru Daniel

Hyperlipidemia is considered one of the major risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The antihyperlipidemic activity of methanol extract of Borassus aethiopum fruit was tested in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. The hyperlipidemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Triton X-100 (100mg/kg bwt). The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the fruit extract revealed the presence of Flavonoid, saponin, steroids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloid with flavonoid having the highest percentage (22%). The GC-MS analysis carried out revealed the presence of alpha tocopherol, oleic acid, dibutyl phthalate, costunolide, citronellol, ascorbyl palmitate, ergosta-5, 22-dien-3, 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol and Ergost-22-en-3-ol. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract was also determined using Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 2, 2-Diphenyl-l-Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL). Result obtained revealed high antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid in a dose dependent manner. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with Borassus aethiopum fruit methanol extract at different concentrations (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p≤ 0.05) reduced the hyperlipidemia via decreased levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared to control group in a dose dependent manner. Result obtained from this study indicate that the methanol fruit extract of Borassus aethiopum used in this research possess strong antihyperlipidemic activity comparable to the standard drug atorvastatin.