Natural Resources Ecological Monitoring in Pirgulu State Nature Preserve

Appreciation of the innate resources in preserve serves biogeocenosis further protection concerning to woodland area. The major reserve is the solar energy potential to supply the energy demand of the population. Alternation of fuelwood into the renewable energy source is the ideal way of saving woodlands. That’s why the total solar energy potential was determined in the region. Finally on the conclusions the solar energy potential map has been established.


Introduction
While saying the natural resources of Pirgulu State Nature Pres erv e all b iocenos es an d b io geocenoses includ ing charact erist ic lan dscap e, so il co ver are int end ed . The preserve surrounds the east border of woodland located on the south slope o f the Great Caucasus mountain. In the scientific references natural resources of the region haven't been appreciated within the latest broadened borders [3,5] due to the demandable form. Th is' why natural resources determination in the territory and also study of the ecological status are important fro m scientific and practical facets in order to save historical areals. According to the ecological mon ito ring and researches realized in Pirgulu the innate reserves can be divided into different places. These're the soils cover, flora, fauna, relict and wealthy woodlands, solar, wind potentials and so on. Due to the objectives put forward o n th e res earch main ly eco lo g ical an d eco n o mical investigation of soil cover, solar and wind energy potentials were fulfilled. After hav ing en larged the territo ry of the preserv e soils ' quant itat ive and q ualit at ive assessment records intended in the state land cadastre were carried out by bonitation method [5,7] and the proper maps have been established. Almost solar and wind energy resources were firstly defined after long term measurement then the due to the result the energy potentials were ecologically estimated and mapped. These potentials validate the natural climat ic condition. Three major natural resources of the preserve let the protection of phytocenosis, zoocenosis within the natural forest complexes. For fo rest safety having relict and wealthy soil securing facilit ies in several natural zone of the preserve solar and wind energy potentials were determined. As the conclusion of the ecological monitoring in the settlements surrounding the woodlands instead of fuelwood these renewable energy sources application is profitable and advisable. In order to safeguard relict woodlands securing soil covers in each natural zone of the preserve the proposed way may be considered the most fruitful fro m eco logical and economical facets [3,7]. The huge and initial energy source is solar. As the orig in energy basis of the processes happening in the biosphere average density of solar energy is 1,36 kW/m 2 . By using only 0,01 % of the falling solar energy onto the Earth energy demand of who le the world can be provided. Distribution of solar energy regulation is characterized by changing in solar shining intensity during diurnal period on the seasons. Solar has great impact and importance in the innate activations within ecosystem. This importance is mo re than ever today when man kind is face to face with terrib le ecological difficulties and energy crisis. During year amount of energy comes from solar to the Earth equals to 1500×1012 kW [9]. Th is index is 150 000 t imes more than the energy generated in the Planet at present. Only 0,2% of this energy is utilized for photosynthesis process of the flora in the Earth. As a rule solar energy the falls on to the Erath in visible light form 30 % of the energy is absorbed and heats the surface, 70% of the energy rapidly reflects to the cosmos as ultra red rays. After become cold energy reflects in the form of v isible light to the space. In this case infrared or hot rays separate from the Earth. As for the solar radiation due to forms the energy is divided to direct, diffuse and albedo solar radiations. Under the influence of solar [2,4] wind, wave, tide (ebb tide), heat gradient of the ocean, hydroenergy, energy obtained fro m photosynthesis process and so on happen. Depending on the falling o f solar rays onto the Erath the waste gases in the atmosphere possessing long life leads to untraditional distributing or unreflecting the energy. Anomaly appearing in solar energy distribution makes changing in the climate at the result of this in the landscape, also in liv ing organisms' development dynamics. Solar energy usage is widely used especially in four direct ions in the Earth. These're therma l-technical, photoelectric, biology and chemical fields. Because of the perspectives form power engineering facet solar energy is ecological clean and the most lucrative. But for the energy demand prov ision forests're hewed hugely order to get fuelwood which causes ruin of innate complexes. In the mountainous and foothill regions solar energy is enough for application to save woodlands. On the exploitation scope of the solar energy plants and equipment different solar radiations should be defined, that's why long term observations and measurements [7,10] have to be realized in the territory. To select the constructive and energy parameters rightly sunny, cloudy and without sunny hours in the investigation [3,6,8] area are to be learnt for total solar radiation potentials calculation.

Object and Methods of the Study
Accordingly the territory of Pirgulu State Nature Preserve located on the southern-east slope of the Great Caucasus mountain is especially safeguarded as the innate resource complex. It should be mentioned that 70-80% [5,8] o f the area was under the woodlands, now this index has been decreased more than once. The close touch on the settlements and villages leads to the current problems. While organizimg the investigations measurements year by year have been carried out for determing solar energy potential in the region. Taking into considration the height where the research area is situated, on the horizon in 800 -2500 m imtervals the preserve territory i div ided into three stations. In Jangi area in 800 -1000 m above sea level, in Pirgulu area in 1500 -2000 m, in A rakhchin in 2000 -2200 m, observations and measurements have been imp lemented [10]. After realizing these works fo r defining the mount of the total radiat ion quantity of the sunny days are certainly to be known. The none sunny [1] days are the sum of the days without sun entirely. So on the hot and cold periods of the year annual amount of none sunny days in Pirgulu State Nature Preserve was defined and tabled.
As seen from the table 4.1. amount of the sunny non days for warm period is averagely 15, for co ld period 44,4. along the year average non sunny days are 60,4. In order to investigate the necessary solar radiations, sunny days total amount has to be exacted on the research objectives. By this purpose due to the seasons, cold and warm periods of the year and annual sunshine hour quantity was determined, then given at the following table.
As seen from table 4.2. average quantity of sunshine hours consists of 2088 hour/year. The difference between cold (October-March -776 hours) and warm (April-September months -1308 hours) periods reaches to twice on a par. In the mean in winter months the lowest and in summer months the highest indicates are observed. Including the mon itoring and measurements in the investigation area, depending on the height horizon in all three stations of the region sunshine amount was defined at the result of the observations. Sunshine hours are closely connected with the reg ion's orography, cloudiness character and properties, air circulat ions features. That's why annual, subannual and seasonal distribution amount of sunshine hours is various. In revealing solar energy potential determination of the cloudy days in the territory is one of the majo r parameters. During the monitoring and surveillances on the base of the investigation and gauging quantity of the cloudy days was learnt. The annual and the seasonal conclusions were given at the table below (with%).  As seen fro m the table 4.3. after having oversighted the coudy days quantity, it was revealed that along year average index changes between 6 -6,28 days. Also the very index is characteristic because of the little difference in both cold and warm periods of the year. On the seasons only in summer months (5,56 %) cloudy days is less. In winter season such days cocnsists of 6,16 % by little inequality with autumn. The highest indicate comes fro m the reg ion climate possibilit ies happens in spribg months. The energy plants intende to apply in the investigation area work with diffuse and direct solar rad iations. Measurements and monitoring have been directed to determine these radiations' quantity. By utilizing spesific methodes, according to the hundred yearly data of the weather stations and the current own measurements the total rediation potention of the territory has been calculated on the formu la. On the middle and higher mountainous zone annual showings of the total solar radiat ion is revealed by their gradients. The annual quantity for plains, low mountainous and mountainous zones the following formu la was used: This gradient on the southern-east slope of the Great Caucasus is 0,8 kcal/cm 2 per each 100 m height in 1 cm 2 . That's expressed as (Grad)year=0, 8

kcal/cm 2 for 100 m.
Beginning fro m 800 (600) m above sea level, monthly coefficients are built on annual process of the total radiation expressed by %. The given gradient coefficient depends on relief, distribution of sunshine, regime of cloudiness and precipitations. This's why on the southern-east slope of the Great Caucasus gradient coefficient is considered 1,2 kcal/cm 2 per 100 m height. Du ring a year amount of total solar radiat ion (due to direct and diffuse solar radiat ions) on the seasons was tabled and given at the below.
As seen from the table the higher annual mark of the total radiation is 137,5 kcal/cm 2 , at 2000-2005 m above sea level in Arakhchin area. But on whole natural zone average annual mark of the direct solar rad iation is 129kcal/cm 2 .
On the southern slopes absorption ability of solar radiations is higher in these areas forest-plant formations are able to develop perfectly. On the slopes forest formatting trees with large leaves, relict and wealthy plant species are frequently met. Because the trees with large leaves and thick leafage absorb the solar energy more for realizing photosynthesis process, inclination and view feasibilities of the slopes make solar energy applicat ion be possible in the region.
On the northern slopes phytocenosis development is a bit weak and on separate slopes within the forest belt contents there's difference in vegetation, blossoming, fru iting durations of the plant formation. Here mostly trees and bushes with acerose leaf or litt le trees (bushes) with thin leafage are often observed. The climate formatting this distinction bases on the solar radiat ion distribution depending on relief factor. Due to the dimension results of direct and diffuse radiation, calculating and processing the data, then total solar radiat ion of the preserve was exacted. After having analyzed the scientific referenced sited it was revealed that the there's little research works on solar energy potential determination in the Republic. Up today from energy point of view solar energy potential of the Republic wasn't estimated and validated.
Generally solar radiat ion is permanent energy source for all the innate processes happening in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere (upper layer) and biosphere. In human life and activation field, especially in the agriculture solar energy has great importance. Fro m the map it's clear that on three natural zone annual total solar energy potential changes between137,5-124,5 kcal/cm 2 interval. Taking into account the relief forms and height from the sea level high, mediu m and low solar energy potentials exist in the preserve. For climatic forcast purpose solar energy out and income have partly learnt. The scope of such investigations was agroclimate probabilities processing for developing and improving several branches and level of agriculture.

Results and Discussions
Today in majo rity of the world countries mobile and stationary actinometrical co mplexes put on high mountainous and foothill areas possesses essential relevance in solar energy potential study. Installation of the modern actinometrical co mplexes in the Republic is delaying yet. According to the vertical zonality regulation realization of the measurements some difficu lties appear. On the height fro m the sea level and relief and solar energy d istribution of the natural zone biodiversity development is distinguished. This potential gives opportunity to save woodlands extended on the southern-east slope of the Great Caucasus mountain and supply energy demand of the population living surrounding the woodland areas. It should be noticed that study and application of solar energy potential in the region can lead several purposes. Within the same regulation amount of the weather stations located in different heights validate this. Depending on the height location points of the weather stations are divide into four groups: In<500 m above sea level-47 meteorological stations; In 500-1000 m above sea level-15 meteoro logical stations; In 1000-2000 m above sea level-15 meteoro logical stations; In 2000 m above sea level -8 meteorological stations; In 3000 m above sea level -1 new meteorolog ical station. All the measurements of the existing weather stations for a long time have been analy zed only for the above mentioned goals. Study of solar energy potential was carried out for meteorological aim, all calculations concerned to this. In order to use alternative energy sources the results can be used. Because beside the existing energy sector to organize alternative and renewable energy sectors is possible after solar energy potential determination. The revealed potential may be the basis of new direction for developing «Solar power engineering». Lately the works are being realized for this aim. Fo r applicat ion in some technological process solar energy potential of Absheron peninsular was learnt. To the scope of the research done solar energy potential determination in Pirgu lu State Nature Preserve consists of solar energy utilization in individual houses, enterprises and other buildings for preventing some processes and solving the current ecological problems standing in agenda. For protection of Pirgulu fo rests being hewed the total solar energy potential working is the major factor to realize calculations on technical, constructive and energy parameters of the plants in solar energy usage provision. Annual and seasonal indexes determination in the areas having the highest potentials validate effective utilization of solar energy.

Conclusions
According to the calculations implemented on the base of the long term investigations fulfilled in 800-2500 m height above sea level in the investigation territory, the following results have been come into conclusion: • Average annual amount of non sunny days 60-61 days, in April-September period the average index 15 days, in October-March period 44-45 days; • Average annual amount of sunshine hours 2094 hours, in April-September period the average index 1308 hours, in October-March period 776 hours; • The level of the cloudiness average annual 6,28 %, in April-September period the average index 6,32 %, in October-March period 6,26 %; • Average annual total solar radiat ion 129 kcal/cm 2 , %, in April-September period the average index 68,9 kcal/cm 2 , in October-March period 42,22 kcal/cm 2 .
Fro m the conclusion it is clear that solar energy potential of the region gives opportunity to use solar energy resources widely in indiv idual and combined form in the villages surrounding Pirgulu State Nature Preserve for woodlands safety.