Climate Change is one of the greatest threats to humanity, and agriculture is one of the sectors that is already seeing the negative effects of Climate Change. Climate change is a major issue for agricultural sustainability, and changes in farming practices will be necessary both to reduce emissions and to adapt to a changing climate and to new social expectations. So, livestock production is both part of the problem and part of the solution to climate change.

Nowadays, the intensive farming systems, such as cattles, sheep, goats, cheikens and rabbits can take advantage of favourable environmental conditions for organisational and technological development to result in higher productive efficiency. Technology innovations should include best farming pratices, housing climate control, sensors and robotics tools and agronomical practices to improve the efficient use of resources, ultimately fulfilling a circular recovery approach, and also providing environmentally friendly and ecological control of antibiobiotics and additives for production of safe food. With our great pleasure, we present this special issue based on research articles, review, case study. etc,…

Biomolecules are designed and crafted in living beings for a specific purpose and exchanged among the living beings for various reasons such as food molecules, structural molecules, functional molecules, genetic molecules, drug molecules, and even as the combat molecules. So exploration and understanding of these biomolecules is a vital requirement for the sustenance and survival of life forms on this planet earth. Sharing of the research findings on these biomolecules help the scientific community to better understand these biomolecules to experiment and focus on the successful production of useful products for the growth and sustenance of the human society and the environment.

With low fish capture production and high fish consumption, the demand for fish aquaculture is truly needed. Fish including crustacean are an important source of aquatic food protein and aquaculture can enhance the availability of fish food supply. The FAO stated that over 300 species were farmed in the global aquaculture industry, with prediction that annual production of wild capture and farmed crustacean exceeds 10 million tones with first sale value of almost USD40 billion. A wide diversity and better production of species aquaculture are subjugated by the marine and freshwater crustacean including marine shrimp, crabs, lobster and other miscellaneous species. Marine crustacean culture is an important contributor to the economies of coastal communities in the Asia Pacific region, and aquaculture of high value species such as shrimp, lobster and crab provides greater economic benefit to the farmers than the culture of lowest value species. However, shrimp culture is encountering setbacks since 1995 due to consistent persistence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), and lobster took years to reach maturity and marketable size, thus culturing it is unprofitable. On the other hand, crab cultures alternatively provide sustainable fish food. Fisheries exploitation and aquaculture production of the world’s crabs has increased sevenfold over the past thirty years.

The crab fishery is dominated by a few members of a single family, the Portunidae. Most captured and cultured portunid’s crabs are of relatively high commercial value such as Portunus sp., Charybdis sp. and Scylla sp. Portunid’s crab is one of the most commercially important species marked by high market demands due to their delicacy. Portunid’s crab is widespread across Indo-Pacific including Southeast Asia and is one of more valuable commodities across many countries. It is relatively expensive in comparisons to other sea fishes consumed locally. Increasing capture of small-sized crabs, berried females due to high market demand and decreasing recruitment have created significant interest in the development of portunid’s crab aquaculture.

Therefore I am please to propose the current issue of the Advances in Life Sciences as a special issue entitled ‘Portunid’s Crab Aquaculture Research’. This propose special issue is design to bring out the original research articles on broodstock management and development, larviculture, grow out, reproductive biology, nutrition, genetics and disease of portunid’s crab aquaculture. The objective of this propose special issue is to serve as a forum for scientific community to publish their recent research findings on portunid’s crab aquaculture which will provide fundamental knowledge for further aquaculture development.

The world is facing major challenges, from feeding the growing population to tackling severe environmental crises including natural resource degradation and climate change. When livestock systems are referred to, the emphasis is often on the ‘sustainable intensification’ of industrial systems, which has major implications for the welfare of billions of animals, as well as the environment and our climate system.

This briefing examines the role of livestock production in the context of climate change. It demonstrates how it is possible to address the challenge of climate change in agriculture in ways that consider both climate and the welfare of farm animals. It calls on solutions for mitigation and adaptation to be equitable, enhance food security and promote farm animal welfare.

Plants have been found to play a significant role in health of both humans and animals. Due to the high cost of synthetic drugs as well as their side effects this has necessitate the scientist to explore less expensive and toxic forms of complementary’ and ‘alternative’ plant derived drugs. Plant derived medicine have potential to solve the world’s reliance on expensive synthetic drugs. The less expensive and less toxic plant derived medicines could be made easily accessible to both developing and developed countries. As most people in the developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America still use traditional herbs for alleviation of various illnesses. However there is a lot of research needed to verify the activity and toxicity of those herbs. The aim of this special issue is to bring forth the novel research in the area of phytomedicine and looking at the general use of plants and their constituents (compounds) in the treatment of various ailments that affect both humans and animals. This could be antimicrobial activity, anti-diabetic, anti-tyrosinase, etc. This special issue will make a crucial contribution in the advancement of phytomedicne and pharmacogonosy and their application.